Export and Economic Growth in India: Causal Interpretation

The present study focuses on the cointegration between Export and Gross Domestic Product and its components at current and constant prices. Time series data for Export and Gross Domestic Product and its components has been taken for the period 1950-51 to 2001-02. In the long run export and GDP reveal that export and GDP at constant prices are not cointegrable while export and GDP at current prices are cointegrable and also the direction of causality is positive. In the short run, through error correction mechanism it has been observed that GDP as dependent variable and export as an independent variable show that short run changes in export have affected positively to GDP and its components.Gross Domestic Product, Export, Unit root test, Cointegration, Error Correction Model, Time series

X-ray Intraday Variability of Five TeV Blazars with NuSTAR

We have examined 40 NuSTAR light curves (LCs) of five TeV emitting high synchrotron peaked blazars: 1ES 0229+200, Mrk 421, Mrk 501, 1ES 1959+650 and PKS 2155-304. Four of the blazars showed intraday variability in the NuSTAR energy range of 3-79 keV. Using an auto correlation function analysis we searched for intraday variability timescales in these LCs and found indications of several between 2.5 and 32.8 ks in eight LCs of Mrk 421, a timescale around 8.0 ks for one LC of Mrk 501, and timescales of 29.6 ks and 57.4 ks in two LCs of PKS 2155-304. The other two blazars' LCs do not show any evidence for intraday variability timescales shorter than the lengths of those observations, however, the data was both sparser and noisier, for them. We found positive correlations with zero lag between soft (3-10 keV) and hard (10-79 keV) bands for most of the LCs, indicating that their emissions originate from the same electron population. We examined spectral variability using a hardness ratio analysis and noticed a general "harder-when-brighter" behavior. The 22 LCs of Mrk 421 observed between July 2012 and April 2013 show that this source was in a quiescent state for an extended period of time and then underwent an unprecedented double peaked outburst while monitored on a daily basis during 10 - 16 April 2013. We briefly discuss models capable of explaining these blazar emissions.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, Accepted for Publication in Ap

Atomic fountain of laser-cooled Yb atoms for precision measurements

We demonstrate launching of laser-cooled Yb atoms in a cold atomic fountain. Atoms in a collimated thermal beam are first cooled and captured in a magneto-optic trap (MOT) operating on the strongly-allowed ${^1S}_0 \rightarrow {^1P}_1$ transition at 399~nm (blue line). They are then transferred to a MOT on the weakly-allowed ${^1S}_0 \rightarrow {^3P}_1$ transition at 556~nm (green line). Cold atoms from the green MOT are launched against gravity at a velocity of around 2.5~m/s using a pair of green beams. We trap more than $10^7$ atoms in the blue MOT and transfer up to 70\% into the green MOT. The temperature for the odd isotope, $^{171}$Yb, is $\sim$1~mK in the blue MOT, and reduces by a factor of 40 in the green MOT.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure

Survey of BPL Families in Aonla Tehsil: Preliminary Findings

The present study is based on the survey of Below Poverty Line (BPL) families in Aonla Tehsil of the Bareilly district of Uttar Pradesh. This study takes in to account the housing characteristics, income consumption patterns, awareness as well as benefits received from the selected anti poverty programmes related to the BPL families in the study area. The findings of the study reveal that the average household expenditure per month is more than the average household income per month; more than two-third of the household expenditure is on food. It is noticeable that most of the families were aware of the selected poverty alleviation programmes but, they failed to avail benefits from them

Modeling of Six Pulse Voltage Source Inverter based STATCOM with PWM and Conventional Triggering

In the present study, a six pulse inverter is triggered using conventional sequential and pulse width modulation (PWM) technique simultaneously for comparing their results. FACTS devices such as STATCOM are the most emerging areas in today’s power system. This STATCOM is a power electronic based converter circuit in which inverter circuit is fabricated for the purpose of voltage control and reactive power compensation through its current flow. A six pulse inverter is developed that can be generalized for developing any number of multiple of six pulse inverters by cascading them in parallel using transformers connection. Voltage source Inverter (VSI) is the most commonly used inverter that can be modeled for electrical system based studies. A methodology is presented to trigger the STATCOM inverter circuit using conventional and PWM techniques, and then the results are compared using MATLAB Simulink mode

Comparative effectiveness study of vinpocetine vs. nimodipine on functional recovery in patients of head injury

Background: Head injuries are increasing cause of overall disability which needs aggressive researches on neuroprotective agents to prevent or rectify the sequelae of brain damage. The outcomes on functional recovery following add on therapies either nimodipine or vinpocetine was done to compare merits of either therapies.Methods: 90 head injury cases admitted to S.S. hospital were divided into standard treatment group given neither vinpocetine nor nimodipine & other two groups given either nimodipine or vinpocetine dependent entirely on clinician’s discretion. The patients data on initial severity on GCS scale and functional recovery on Barthel Index, head injury watch scale, Disability rating score were collected at discharge & at one month follow up thereafter to compare the recovery profiles.Results: Vinpocetine treatment proved superior to nimodipine or standard treatment on examining the outcomes. Significance of time since injury was emphasized for improved outcome to nimodipine but not so necessary for vinpocetine.Conclusions: Nimodipine delayed administration had no consequence while vinpocetine is useful treatment at any stage to enhance functional recovery in cases of head injury.